The Makaton System of Sign Language

What is Makaton?

Makaton is a communication system that combines signs, symbols and speech. It was developed in the UK during the 1970s and has since become one of the most commonly used communication programmes in the country.

Unlike British Sign Language, which is a complete language in its own right, Makaton is designed to support spoken language rather than replace it. People using Makaton will typically speak while signing, using signs alongside their words to reinforce meaning.

The system also includes a library of simple symbols that can be used in printed materials, on communication boards, or in apps. These symbols represent words and concepts visually, which can aid understanding for those who find written text challenging.

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How Makaton differs from BSL

British Sign Language is a full language with its own grammar and structure. It is the first language of many deaf people in the UK. Makaton, by contrast, follows the grammatical structure of spoken English and uses a smaller vocabulary of signs.

Makaton uses signs that are often based on BSL, though not all signs are direct adaptations and the system has developed its own distinct vocabulary. The focus is on everyday communication rather than providing a complete alternative to speech.

Makaton actively encourages the use of speech alongside signing. When someone uses Makaton, they will usually say the word at the same time as making the sign. This approach can help reinforce language development in children who are learning to talk.

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Who uses Makaton?

Makaton can benefit a wide range of people. It is commonly used with:

• Children and adults with learning disabilities
• People with autism spectrum conditions
• Children with speech and language delays
• People who have had a stroke or acquired brain injury
• Babies and toddlers before they develop speech

Many nurseries, schools and care settings in the UK use Makaton as part of their everyday communication. The BBC programme Something Special, presented by Justin Fletcher, has helped introduce Makaton signing to a wide audience of young children and families.

Family members, educators, therapists and support workers often learn Makaton to improve communication with someone who benefits from it.

Learning and using Makaton

The Makaton Charity oversees the development of the system and provides training courses, resources and support. Courses are available at different levels, from introductory workshops for families to more detailed training for professionals.

You do not need any prior experience with sign language to start learning Makaton. Many people begin by learning a small set of signs for everyday words and phrases, then build their vocabulary over time.

The Makaton Charity website offers information about training options and materials you can use at home or in educational settings. Some introductory content is freely available online, though comprehensive resources typically involve a cost.

It's common for parents to have concerns about their child's speech and language development, and there are many resources available to help. Speaking to your health visitor or GP is a sensible first step. They can refer you to a speech and language therapist if needed. The Royal College of Speech and Language Therapists provides information about what to expect from these services.

For many children, using Makaton alongside speech can reduce frustration and support their communication while their spoken language develops. It gives them a way to express themselves and be understood, which can significantly enhance their daily interactions and quality of life.

The Next Step

Now that you have read through the advice above, you might want to put it into practice. Our Speech and Language Checker lets you worried about your child's speech or language? Answer questions about what they can say and understand, and find out if they are on track for their age with advice on what to do next. Try it now →